Утеплення стін приміщення

З метою максимального заощадження теплової енергії багато мешканців вдаються до такого методу, як утеплення стін. На жаль, конструкція більшості багатоквартирних будинків не дозволяє виробляти індивідуальне утеплення по окремо взятій зовнішній стіні. Тому доводиться утеплювати стіни всередині квартири. Однак, в цьому випадку, існує ряд проблемних питань, вирішення яких на початковому етапі дозволить не допустити ряду ускладнень надалі.
Утеплення стін матиме наслідком те, що стіни автоматично переводяться в зону негативних температур. Це означає, що пари, утворені в квартирі, проходячи крізь утеплювач, конденсуються на холодній поверхні стіни, тобто, пар переходить в капельножидкими стан і призводить до намокання шару утеплювача і стіни, що спричинить за собою поступове її руйнування протягом деякого періоду часу, і втрати утеплювача своїх властивостей.
Щоб уникнути подібних ускладнень, необхідно захистити стіну з утеплювачем від вологи за допомогою будівельної поліетиленової плівки або спеціальної фольги. Утеплювати внутрішні стіни потрібно в наступному порядку: на стіну укладають шар мінеральної вати або пенополистерола — шар утеплювача — поверх плівку або фольгу — пароізоліруючий шар, потім гіпсокартон та оздоблювальні матеріали.
Також не потрібно забувати про те, що утеплення стін сприяє утворенню підвищеної вологості в приміщенні, яка може викликати появу небезпечних для здоров’я людини цвілі і грибка. Тому утеплюючи стіни в приміщенні, слід подумати про модернізацію системи вентиляції з метою збільшення обсяг відведеного з квартири повітря.
Утеплювач для стін
Сучасна промисловість пропонує безліч варіантів теплоізоляції. Ціна на утеплювач для стін представлена в широкому спектрі — можна придбати бюджетні матеріали, але мають низькі характеристики і сумнівну екологічність. Якісна і довговічна продукція, з кращими характеристиками, знаходиться в більш високому ціновому діапазоні.
На даний момент гарне співвідношення «ціна-якість» показують мінеральні вати на основі базальтових порід, і утеплювачі з екструдованого або спіненого пінополістиролу.
У вже готових будівлях багатоквартирних будинків холодні стіни утеплюються зсередини. Найкраще для цих цілей підходить мінеральна вата на основі базальту.
Головна умова — подальша обшивка стін гіпсокартоном і оштукатурювання. Цей метод має недолік — він зменшує корисну площу приміщень. Велику популярність має технологія, коли стіновий утеплювач використовується в складних конструкціях вентильованих фасадів, із зовнішнього боку будівель. При будівництві нових будинків, все частіше, використовується технологія «тришаровий» — шар теплоізоляції прокладається всередині стіни, між зовнішньою і внутрішньою цегляною кладкою.

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