Фасадный или облицовочный кирпич – традиционный стройматериал, применяемый при отделке зданий. Современные производители предлагают разные варианты, отличающиеся по текстуре, оттенку, типу. В разнообразном ассортименте легко растеряться. Потому стоит разобраться, каким бывает фасадный кирпич.
Главные ингредиенты при производстве такого материала – известняк, глина, цемент. Определенный оттенок им придают с помощью специальных пигментов. Особые добавки используют для усиления физико-механических характеристик.
Каким бывает фасадный кирпич
Он классифицируется по способу изготовления и используемым материалам. В зависимости от этих показателей, кирпич бывает:
- Керамическим. Выпускается методом пластического формирования с последующим отжигом. Используются отдельные сорта глины. Самый распространенный – пустотный керамический кирпич.
- Клинкерным. Разновидность первого варианта, но с улучшенными эксплуатационными характеристиками, благодаря обжигу при очень высокой температуре до полного спекания. Подходит для конструкций с повышенными или постоянными нагрузками – например, оконных и дверных проемов.
- Гиперпрессованным. Ингредиенты – известняк, цемент, ракушечник. Выпускается посредством прессования под высоким давлением без обжигания. Отличается высокой плотностью и точными геометрическими параметрами. Используется не так часто, из-за большого веса.
- Силикатным. Производится под прессом из песка и извести с добавками. Недорогой материал.
По наполнению, фасадный кирпич бывает полно- и пустотелым. Первый вариант отличается более плотной структурой, высокой прочностью и теплопроводностью. Больше подходит для оригинальных и дорогих коттеджей, зданий премиального класса.
Пустотелый состоит из большого количества округлых или продолговатых щелей. Он легче и дешевле полнотелого, потому чаще выбирается для облицовки частных домов, особенно при небольшом бюджете на отделку.
Оттенок тоже имеет значение при выборе. Он зависит от типа красящего пигмента, добавляемого в состав материала. На цвет влияет степень обжига, присутствие дополнительных примесей. Например, гиперпрессованный кирпич имеет сероватый оттенок.
Изделия отличаются и по фактуре. Здесь все полностью зависит от пожеланий покупателя. На поверхность кирпича наносят минеральную крошку, жидкую керамическую смесь, глазурь.
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